The preceding Enlightenment era developed a sense of shedding traditional values in pursuit of intellectual evolution, and this [], One of the most distinctive and immediately impressive things about Ernest Gaines novel, The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, is the way the author opens his story with an introduction of a collective of speakers, his cast [], Chinese culture and traditions are well known, on the basis of modern writing, for their originality and peculiarity. This, as the paper shall show, is a synthesis of culture, ideas, objects and views that call for mutual respect . It argues that a better conceptualization of the philosophy behind globalization which encompasses all other forms of interpretation is universalization. This new tax was significantly heavier than the taxes it replaced, and it enabled the Russian state to expand its treasury almost sixfold between 1680 and 1724. Business became an integral part of society, providing goods and services to those who could otherwise not be able to obtain them. The power that language holds is very evident in the different connotations words such as slaves versus enslaved people hold. Regarding this claim, Said says, "Knowledge to Balfour means surveying a civilization from its origins to its prime to its decline and of course, it means being able toThe object of such knowledge is inherently vulnerable to scrutiny; this object is a fact' which, if it develops, changes, or otherwise transforms itself[the civilization] nevertheless is fundamentally, even ontologically stable. In 1711, a new state body was established: the Governing Senate. As examined by author Bonnie Adrian, Taiwanese bridal photos of today provide a striking contrast to past accepted norms, contemporary couples often displaying great physical affection and, at times, placed in typically Western settings to augment the modernity, in comparison to the historically prominent relationship, often stoic and distant, exhibited between bride and groom. Although K-pop is successful in appealing to the South Koreans with their western infused pop, the same cannot be said about K-pops influence in North America. This can strongly be evidenced by looking at prevalent languages, for instance, the English language. (Uraib). Members of each of these cultures usually share values, pastimes, and languages. The biggest argument against westernization would be that this ideal takes a large amount of culture away from other countries. From day one of stepping into classrooms of such rich cultural variety, we are challenged not only with familiarizing ourselves with our demanding curriculum but also with constantly acclimatizing to the new people and cultures around us. Nicole Hannah-Jones, a prominent journalist based in the US, gave this strong example of how making this small, yet significant change is extremely important in the way language can accurately and ethically depict such a power dynamic in her opening essay to the 1619 Project. even a single Western culture element inevitably brought in its wake more and more new elements with more and more changes, resulting in serious disturbances in the vital texture of their traditional culture. Send us feedback about these examples. And yes, we can have biases against our own cultures, too. Countries such as Korea and China attempted to adopt a system of isolationism but have ultimately juxtaposed parts of Western culture into their own, often adding original and unique social influences, as exemplified by the introduction of over 1,300 locations of the traditionally Western fast-food chain McDonald's into China. You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers. The FDI of a country measures how much foreign investment is put into another country. Peter the Great's Westernization of Russia Imitation, people say, is the sincerest form of flattery. A perfect example of westernization, or more specifically western feminism, would be the argument of the westernwomen verses the hijab. Instead, many are beginning to question whether the West remains the most civilized part of the world. But unlike the mixed opinions that China harbors, South Korea expresses a different attitude towards westernization. Westernization of the world. A handful of Peters reforms reflected a limited understanding of certain Enlightenment ideals. One of Peters most audaciousgoals was reducing the influence of theboyars, or the feudal elite class. What Role Should the United States Take On the Global Stage? Non-Western countries can make an effort to balance Western power through modernization. Along with language being westernized, South Koreas music has also been highly influenced by western ideas. Not all women want or feel the same things. 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help you just now, McDonalds is as American as you can get, or so I thought. The role we should really be focusing on is increasing global health, education, and providing aid to war stricken countries. As aforementioned, history cannot be changed, however we can change the way we use our language to pay respect to non-Western cultures, events, people and thought, in creating a fuller and more colorful collective imaginary. Life in these countries went from watching mundane Chinese shows to humorous western shows, listening to traditional Korean music to K-pop infused with western music styles and English lyrics in South Korea, and from wearing traditional kimonos to business suits in Japan. This unanimous decision reflects Chinese dissatisfaction with the American foreign policy, as they have experienced and seen how America treats other countries and are unhappy about it. Westernization as a whole has both positive and negative aspects. My mother witnessed this change first hand, as she lived in the capital city Beijing, which harbored many tourist attractions. [29], In Iran, the process of Westernization dates back to the country's attempt to westernize during the beginning of the 1930s, which was dictated by Shah Rez Khan and continued by his son during the Cold War and agitated the largely conservative Shia Muslim masses of the country which was partly responsible for the 1979 Iranian Revolution.[30]. General reactions to Westernization can include fundamentalism, protectionism, or embrace to varying degrees. And if youre not familiar with the two holidays - Easter is about commemorating the resurrection of Jesus, while Passover refers to the Jews exodus from Egypt. The national interests must be balanced with global interests and the power must be shared. Peter saw them as backwards and as obstacles standing in the way of Europeanization and reform. This can be observed with the the way Muslim people are treated across Europe and the US, for example. The Empire took some innovations from the West. See more. Similarly, the Spanish language is the main language for most countries in Latin America, as is the French language - across many countries on the African continent, again namely due to colonization. Thus, "the West" acts as a construction in the similar way as does "the Orient" it is a created notion to justify a particular set of power relations, in this case, the colonization and rule of a foreign country. Samuel P. Huntington posits a conflict between "the West and the Rest" and offers three forms of general action that non-Western civilizations can react toward Western countries.[22]. Heavily influenced by his advisers from Western Europe, he reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a maritime power. Said references Arthur Balfour, the British Prime Minister from 1902 to 1905, who regarded the rise of nationalism in Egypt in the late 19th century as counterproductive to a "benevolent" system of occupational rule. [citation needed]. N.p., 02 Aug. 2012. For example, many countries such as India are adopting the "western" jeans and a t-shirt style rather than traditional clothing. The Roman emperor Constantine established Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) as a new capital in the East in 330 C.E. The effects of westernization can also be seen through everyday speech and writing: Konglish is a cultural fusion of English words such as ice cream or camera into the Korean language (Rhodes). By the time Peter the Great became tsar, Russia was the largest country in the world, stretching from the Baltic Seato the Pacific Ocean. The overall process of Westernization is often two-sided in that Western influences and interests themselves are joined with parts of the affected society, at minimum, to become a more Westernized society, with the putative goal of attaining a Western life or some aspects of it, while Western societies are themselves affected by this process and interaction with non-Western groups. To save this word, you'll need to log in. It was a form of expression that allowed people to comprehend their situation and reject colonialism. ADVERTISEMENTS: M.N. All songs were controlled by the government. While doing research for my thesis, I was roaming through some universities websites to look at the type of Diversity and Inclusion initiatives they have in place. Previously, peasants had skirted the tax by combining several households into one estate. This time, he argues that Western influence is now "unraveling", with Eastern powers such as China arising. Peters government was constantly in dire need of money, and at first it responded by monopolizing certain strategic industries, such as salt, vodka, oak, and tar. All appointments and resignations of senators occurred by personal imperial decrees. Well, it only makes sense that the countries and nations that have been dominant throughout history by having colonized many lands and diminished plenty of cultures, become the prevalent culture of referral. As my mother thinks back to when she was still a small child living in China, she recalls the time that everyone was too poor to even buy meat and dairy products, so much so that my grandmothers dream was to be able to eat chicken once a month. Western Culture Examples Rationalism: Rationalism emphasizes the importance of reason and logic in understanding the world. As mentioned, we were under Ottoman rule for 500 years until 1878. Overall, many countries all over the world have experienced many effects of westernization. He explains the decline of Western influence, stating reasons as to the loss of Western credibility with the rest of the world. The industrial age brought breakthrough innovations such as automobiles, radio, telephone, appliances, television, and today the Internet and social media. According to Zenjiro Watanabe, Westernization caused the introduction of dining out in Japan (Watanabe). By the time the educational system had become universal in 1908, most of the Japanese children were able to read and write. This was just the beginning for her, as she later chose to immigrate to America, which was allowed by China because of the westernization that took place during the time. They feel as if these third world women are oppressed and are forced to wear clothing that covers them. (Seeing Muslim Women) However, the majority of the time this ideal could not be farther from the truth. Thus, for this reason, K-pop has had a hard time finding western audiences that are not previously affiliated with the K-pop genre. Although Korea did not fully adopt the (mostly) equal society in terms of gender in America, the idea still penetrated society. For example: China excluding Taiwan after 1949, Cuba after the Revolution in 1959, South Vietnam after the communist takeover in 1975, Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion, and Iran after the 1979 revolution. However, westernization a term emerged in the Indian context, when India was a colony of the British empire.when India was going through a transitional phase ( from being a colony to independent state), there was occurrence of many events, which resulted in westernization. While their clout had declined since the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the Boyar Duma, an advisory council to the tsar, still wielded considerable political power. After the surge of western influence in Japan in 1964, Japanese people started eating more than 300% more animal fat, protein, and fat in general (Watanabe). The following countries or regions experienced a significant influence by the process of Westernization: Kishore Mahbubani's book entitled The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World (Public Affairs), is very optimistic.[why?] [28] Though Western concepts may have initially played a role in creating this cultural shift in Taiwan, the market and desire for bridal photography has not continued without adjustments and social modifications to this Western notion. Peters reign deepened the subjugation of serfs to the will of landowners. Because western culture had such a great impact on Japan during the Meiji restoration, the Japanese were very appreciative of western luxuries, and wearing western clothes was a way to show a higher class. It should also be noted that western feminism does not only consist of the argument of the hijab, but also brings to light other problems as well. [24], Huntington claimed that after the end of the cold war, world politics had been moved into a new aspect in which non-Western civilizations were no more the exploited recipients of Western civilization but become another important actor joining the West to shape and move the world history. Due to westernization third world countries have increased public health. Westernization in South Korean South Korea, the US is regarded as a symbol of urbanization, modernization, and freedom. Another feature of Westernization is that it creates many inter . By clicking Continue, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. In this way, the audience learns nothing about the holiday, the Jewish culture, religion, people and history. Peter also introduced critical social reform. 2. This fascination is coinciding with the rise of the new golden age of quality television in America, with complex characters and unconventional storytelling. Where do you want us to send this sample? Omissions? SANSKRITIZATION - A LEADING PATH TO WESTERNIZATION Its movies, popular music, and popular fashion were taken up not only in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America but even in western Europe itself. In contrast, legislation under Peters rule covered every aspect of life in Russia with exhaustive detail, and it significantly affected the everyday lives of nearly every Russian citizen. In Korea, the first contact with Westernization was during the Chosun Dynasty, in the 17th century. The success of reform contributed greatly to Russias military successes and the increase in revenue and productivity. Url:http://advantagesanddisadvantagesofwesternizat.weebly.com/, Seeing Muslim Women with Western Eyes. The Feminist Wire. For example, the use of new technology, dress, food, language, changes in habits and' way of living. The new provinces were modeled on the Swedish system, in which larger, more politically important areas received more political autonomy, while smaller, more rural areas were controlled more directly by the state. Learn more. Similarity with U.S. General John C. Bates 's uniform. An example of Westernization: Meiji period, Japan, Prince Yorihito Higashifushimi in typical Western naval dress uniform with white gloves, epaulettes, medals and hat. Democracy, fast food, and American pop culture can all be examples that are considered as Westernization of the world. Heroes are heroes and villains are villains. While all of these may also be a result of a subconscious bias, this post aims to encourage its audience to pay attention to some of the language and conditioning within our daily practice, in order to dismantle harmful biases. Now, each peasant was assessed individually for a tax paid in cash. One positive change that westernization has brought to China is television. The solution was a sweeping new poll tax, which replaced a household tax on cultivated land. Lets look at several examples. One moose, two moose. After the westernization, many people traveled from all over the world to visit. The power that language holds is very evident in the different connotations words such as slaves versus enslaved people hold. Being globalized means taking positive aspects of the world, but globalization also brings the debate about being Westernized. While in the past cultures were built around geographical, social class, ethnic, and family ties, this is changing. We will occasionally send you account related emails. The majority of non-Western countries admire and adhere to Western living standards. Professional Writers that Guarantee an On-time Delivery. Westernization can also be compared to acculturation and enculturation. Theres no shame in this, weve all been there, trying to make new friends cross-culturally, and these become most commonly the moments when we become victims of our own biases. While I was there, I remember seeing shirts with English words written on them and wondering why that was the case since Chinese people wouldnt know what the words meant. The "West" was originally defined as the Western world. However, western countries must still involve themselves in the ever globalizing world. The phenomenon of Westernization does not follow any one specific pattern across societies as the degree of adaption and fusion with Western customs will occur at varying magnitudes within different communities. The Westernization of people, language, and culture. Moreover, the increase in fast food also contributed to the increase in fat intake, which demonstrates how an initially positive change can result in a negative consequence. In economic terms, the nations are likely to be westernized by applying the Western economic styles in their localities. which included many descriptions of diverse cultural holidays that the university embraces and celebrates. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. The last important change that my mother observed was the increase in tourism both to and from China. It is arrogant of us to assume that western women are free from oppression and make it our own duty to save Muslim women from themselves. 10.2 How to pronounce western culture? . As the biggest Eastern populations gain more power, they are moving away from the Western influences they sought after in the past. 27 Jan. 2017. A new generation of technocrats soon supplanted the old boyar class and dominated the civil service in Russia. Examples of cultures include western culture, youth culture, counterculture, and high culture. To get in contact with us for inquiries or possible partnerships. More accurately, it was all about modernization, mainly due to industrialization and the shift from the agriculture-based economy to a factory-based economy. On top of largely Western government systems such as democracy and constitution, many Western technologies and customs like music, clothing, and cars have been introduced across various parts of the world and copied and created in traditionally non-Western countries. The first time I experienced a cultural crossroads was when I went to China. With debates still going on, the question of whether globalization can be characterized as Westernization can be seen in various aspects. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Westernization. To learn more about westernization, I went to my mother who experienced westernization firsthand. For this reason, people should not try and categorize all women in the same box. Westernization (or Westernisation), also Europeanisation or occidentalization (from the Occident), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, science, education, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores, customs, traditions, values, mentality, perceptions, diet, clothing, language, writing system, religion, and philosophy.
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